TYPOGRAPHY
Typography
the study of the design of typefaces, and the way in which the type is laid out on a page to best achieve the desired visual effect and to best convey the meaning of the message.
Videos on Type
General Type Terms
Ascender: The part of lowercase letters (such as k, b, and d) that rise above the x-height of the other lowercase letters.
Baseline: The imaginary line on which the majority of the characters in a typeface rest.Descender The part of lowercase letters (such as y, p, and q) that descends below the baseline of the other lowercase letters in a font face. In some typefaces, the uppercase 3 and Q also descend below the baseline.
Counter: The white space enclosed by a letterform, whether wholly enclosed (as in "d" or "o") or partially (as in "c" or "m").
Descender: The part of lowercase letters (such as y, p, and q) that descends below the baseline of the other lowercase letters in a font face. In some typefaces, the uppercase 3 and Q also descend below the baseline.
Sans serif: A type face that is without serifs. The ends of the strokes are usually square as in Helvetica.
Serif: Small decorative strokes that are added to the end of a letter's main strokes.
Stress: in a typeface, the axis around which the strokes are drawn: oblique (negative or positive) or vertical. Not to be confused with the angle of the strokes themselves (for instance, italics are made with slanted strokes, but may not have oblique stress).
X-height: Traditionally, x-height is the height of the lowercase letter x. It is also the height of the body of lowercase letters in a font, excluding the ascenders and descenders. Some lower-case letters that do not have ascenders or descenders still extend a little bit above or below the x-height as part of their design. The x-height can vary greatly from typeface to typeface at the same point size.
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Anatomy of a Letter
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Serif or Sans Serif
The Two Main Kinds of Fonts: Serif or Sans Serif
Serif fonts have that little detail at the end of the letter strokes. They are traditional and can be found as text in books and copy in newspapers.
Sans means "without," so sans serif fonts are those without that extra detail on the ends. Sans serif fonts are more casual and contemporary.
Examples used in Design/Art
Typographic Portraits
type used in furniture design
poster design
Lesson printouts
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